Vie socio-économique et développement des communautés forestières de la Likouala (république du Congo)

Résumé

L’exploitation des ressources forestières congolaises est axée sur la production de la matière ligneuse. Cependant, les impacts sociaux et environnementaux associés à cette activité ne sont pas pris en compte lors de la planification des opérations forestières. Pourtant, la gestion forestière continue prône de plus en plus la prise en compte des systèmes de valeurs des communautés locales dans laménagement forestier. L’étude vise à contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la vie socio-économique et le de contribuer au développement local des populations de la Likouala. Ce travail a été réalidans les unités forestières daménagement attribuées aux compagnies forestières travaillant dans le Département de la Likouala. Des enquêtes sont effectuées dans les villages et les chantiers forestiers qui se trouvent dans la Likouala. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier les enjeux socio-économiques et les impacts de l’exploitation forestière sur les communautés villageoises et les travailleurs forestiers. Ils montrent aussi que les populations ne sont pas impliquées dans le processus de lUnité Forestière d’Aménagement. En outre, Les résultats montrent que dans le Département de la Likouala, le taux de chômage est estimé à près 3,06% dont 0,94% de chômeurs et 2,72% de diplômés sans emploi contre un taux doccupation de la population totale représentant 49,67%. Ce taux présente des disparités suivant les Districts. Dans les Districts de Dongou, il est de 40% et 37% Bétou,  et faible dans le District de Enyéllé  avec 23%. Tandis quà Bétou les actifs (43%), les diplômés sans emploi (46%) et les ménagères (42%) sont plus nombreux, suivi de Enyéllé avec 36% des actifs, 38% des diplômes sans emploi et 31% des ménagères par rapport au District de Dongou qui compte 21% des actifs, 16% des diplômés sans emploi et 27% des ménares.

Abstract

The exploitation of Congolese forest resources is focused on the production of woody material. However, the social and environmental impacts associated with this activity are not taken into account when planning forestry operations. However, forest management continues to advocate more and more the consideration of local community value systems in forest management. The study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of socio-economic life and to the local populations of Likouala. This work was carried out in the forest management units assigned to logging companies working in the Department of Likouala. Surveys are carried out in the villages and forest sites located in the Likouala. The results made it possible to identify the socio-economic issues and the impacts of logging on village communities and forest workers. They also show that the populations are not involved in the process of the Forest Management Unit. In addition, the results show that in the Department of Likouala, the unemployment rate is estimated at nearly 3.06%, including 0.94% unemployed and 2.72% unemployed graduates against an employment rate of total population representing 49.67%. This rate presents disparities according to the Districts. In the Districts of Dongou, it is 40% and 37% Bétou, and low in the District of Enllé with 23%. While in Bétou there are more working people (43%), unemployed graduates (46%) and housewives (42%), followed by Enllé with 36% of working people, 38% of unemployed graduates and 31% of housewives compared to the District of Dongou which has 21%  of  working  people, 16%  of  unemployed graduates and 27%  of housewives.

The exploitation of Congolese forest resources is focused on the production of woody material. However, the social and environmental impacts associated with this activity are not taken into account when planning forestry operations. However, forest management continues to advocate more and more the consideration of local community value systems in forest management. The study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of socio-economic life and to the local populations of Likouala. This work was carried out in the forest management units assigned to logging companies working in the Department of Likouala. Surveys are carried out in the villages and forest sites located in the Likouala. The results made it possible to identify the socio-economic issues and the impacts of logging on village communities and forest workers. They also show that the populations are not involved in the process of the Forest Management Unit. In addition, the results show that in the Department of Likouala, the unemployment rate is estimated at nearly 3.06%, including 0.94% unemployed and 2.72% unemployed graduates against an employment rate of total population representing 49.67%. This rate presents disparities according to the Districts. In the Districts of Dongou, it is 40% and 37% Bétou, and low in the District of Enllé with 23%. While in Bétou there are more working people (43%), unemployed graduates (46%) and housewives (42%), followed by Enllé with 36% of working people, 38% of unemployed graduates and 31% of housewives compared to the District of Dongou which has 21%  of  working  people, 16%  of  unemployed graduates and 27%  of housewives.

Catégorie de publications

Date de parution
30 juin 2022